abstract：:Caffeine is not considered addictive, and in animals it does not trigger metabolic increases or dopamine release in brain areas involved in reinforcement and reward. Our objective was to measure caffeine effects on cerebral perfusion in humans using single photon emission computed tomography with a specific focus on a...

journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

authors： Nehlig A,Armspach JP,Namer IJ

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent years have seen an explosive growth of interest in the application of imaging genetics to understand neurogenetic mechanisms of schizophrenia. Imaging genetics applies structural and functional neuroimaging to study subjects carrying genetic risk variants that relate to a psychiatric disorder. We review selecte...

journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

authors： Meyer-Lindenberg A

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have a largely unknown pathophysiology and etiology, but they are highly heritable. Although linkage and association studies have identified a series of chromosomal regions likely to contain susceptibility genes, progress in identifying causative genes has been largely disappointing....

journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

authors： Nöthen MM,Nieratschker V,Cichon S,Rietschel M

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite pharmacologic advances, the treatment of schizophrenia remains a challenge, and suboptimal outcomes are still all too frequent. Although treatment goals of response, remission, and recovery have been defined more uniformly, a good "effectiveness" measure mapping onto functional outcomes is still lacking. Moreo...

journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

authors： Kane JM,Correll CU

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sleep disorders in children and adolescents is a topic that has been, and remains, neglected in both public health education and professional training. Although much knowledge has been accumulated in recent times, it has been poorly disseminated and, therefore, relatively little is put into practice. Only some general...

journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

authors： Stores G

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The introduction of biological markers in the clinical management of Alzheimer's disease (AD) will not only improve diagnosis relating to early detection of neuropathology with underlying molecular mechanisms, but also provides tools for the assessment of objective treatment benefits. In this review, we identify a num...

journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

authors： Hampel H,Broich K,Hoessler Y,Pantel J

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Accumulating evidence suggests that psychotropic agents such as mood stabilizers, antidepressants, and antipsychotics realize their neurotrophic/neuroprotective effects by activating the mitogen activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-related kinase, PI3-kinase, and wingless/glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3 sign...

journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

authors： Hunsberger J,Austin DR,Henter ID,Chen G

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pharmacogenomic developments hold promise for personalized medicine in psychiatry with adjusted therapeutic doses, predictable responses, reduced adverse drug reactions, early diagnosis, and personal health planning. The prospects are exciting, but at the same time, these new techniques stand faced with important scie...

journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

authors： Evers K

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The construct of major depressive disorder makes no etiological assumptions about populations with diverse symptom clusters. "Depressed mood" and "loss of interest or pleasure in nearly all activities" are core features of major depressive episode, though a strong case can be made to pay increasing attention to sympto...

journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

authors： Kennedy SH

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Partial remission from depression, with residual symptoms, is an important problem in depression. This paper reviews the frequency and features of this outcome, and its association with relapse. Residual symptoms occur in many depressed patients after acute treatment. They span the typical symptoms of depression, exce...

journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

authors： Paykel ES

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As one of the most common neurological disorders, epilepsy has devastating behavioral, social, and occupational consequences and is associated with accumulating brain damage and neurological deficits. Epilepsy comprises a large number of syndromes, which vary greatly with respect to their etiology and clinical feature...

journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

authors： Beck H,Elger CE

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is well established that individuals with bipolar disorder are differentially affected by substance-related as well as medical disorders (ie, cardiometabolic disorders, respiratory disorders, neurological disorders, and infectious diseases). Emerging evidence indicates that some comorbid conditions (eg, diabetes me...

journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

authors： McIntyre RS,Nguyen HT,Soczynska JK,Lourenco MT,Woldeyohannes HO,Konarski JZ

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The study of molecular clock mechanisms in psychiatric disorders is gaining significant interest due to data suggesting that a misalignment between the endogenous circadian system and the sleep-wake cycle might contribute to the clinical status of patients suffering from a variety of psychiatric disorders. Sleep distu...

journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

authors： Lamont EW,Legault-Coutu D,Cermakian N,Boivin DB

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Alcohol dependence is a frequent, chronic, relapsing, and incurable disease with enormous societal costs. Thus, alcoholism therapy and research into its outcome are of major importance for public health. The present article will: (i) give a brief overview of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment outcomes of al...

journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

authors： Krampe H,Stawicki S,Hoehe MR,Ehrenreich H

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Illustrating the complexity of the stress response and its multifaceted manifestations is the leading idea of this overview of experimental paradigms used for stress induction in laboratory animals. The description of key features of models based on naturalistic stressors, pharmacological challenges, and genomic manip...

journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

authors： Patchev VK,Patchev AV

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Schizophrenia is still a condition with obscure causes and psychopathology. This paper aims to discuss the "disconnectivity" hypothesis in relation to some neurological conditions which are known to alter brain connectivity, as well as mimicking some aspects of the disorder. After a short historical introduction to th...

journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

authors： Foucher JR,Luck D

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several structural deviances in the brain in "endogenous psychoses" have been described over the last decades. The enlargement of the lateral ventricles and the subtle structural deficits in temporobasal and orbital frontal structures (hypofrontality) are reasonably well established in the majority of schizophrenic pa...

journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

authors： Beckmann H,Jakob H,Senitz D

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding individual response to a drug-what determines its efficacy and tolerability-is the major bottleneck in current drug development and clinical trials. Intracellular response and metabolism, for example through cytochrome P-450 enzymes, may either enhance or decrease the effect of different drugs, dependent...

journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

authors： Herwig R,Lehrach H

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Depression can occur in association with virtually all the other psychiatric and physical diagnoses. Physical illness increases the risk of developing severe depressive illness. There are two broadly different mechanisms. The most obvious has a psychological or cognitive mechanism. Thus, the illness may provide the li...

journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

authors： Goodwin GM

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Alcohol dependence (alcoholism) is a complex disorder attributed to the interaction of genetic and environmental factors that form a collage of "disease" predisposition, which is not identical for every alcohol-dependent individual. There is considerable evidence to demonstrate that genetic predisposition accounts for...

journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

authors： Hines LM,Ray L,Hutchison K,Tabakoff B

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The insights of ethology-the science of animal behavior from a biological and psychological point of view-were incorporated in the 1950s by the British developmental psychiatrist, John Bowlby, into his attachment theory, which argued that a secure affective base in infancy was critical to the normal development of per...

journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

authors： Cyrulnik B

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypersomnia, a complaint of excessive daytime sleep or sleepiness, affects 4% to 6% of the population, with an impact on the everyday life of the patient Methodological tools to explore sleep and wakefulness (interview, questionnaires, sleep diary, polysomnography, Multiple Sleep Latency Test, Maintenance of Wakefulne...

journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

authors： Dauvilliers Y,Buguet A

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) is complex and often involves addressing behavioral changes in addition to the movement disorder. Patients with PD are susceptible to any psychiatric condition seen in the general population; some disorders, such as depression and anxiety, may result from PD-related neuropathologi...

journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

authors： Anderson KE

更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Depressive disorders are a leading cause of disability worldwide and greatly impact morbidity, health care utilization, and medical costs. Major depression that does not resolve with adequate antidepressant treatment is termed treatment-resistant depression (TRD), There is no universally accepted definition of TRD and...

journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

authors： Parikh RM,Lebowitz BD

更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epidemiological studies show that anxiety disorders are highly prevalent and an important cause of functional impairment; they constitute the most frequent menial disorders in the community. Phobias are the most common with the highest rates for simple phobia and agoraphobia. Panic disorder (PD) and obsessive-compulsi...

journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

authors： Martin P

更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent research has overcome the old paradigms of the brain as an immunologically privileged organ, and of the exclusive role of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides as signal transducers in the central nervous system. Growing evidence suggests that the signal proteins of the immune system - the cytokines - are also in...

journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

authors： Schwarz MJ

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is increasing knowledge about considerable comorbidity between psychiatric and somatic diseases, questioning whether variations in genes could be predisposing factors for both conditions. With respect to the multiple interactions between brain and body investigations have centered on variants in several candidat...

journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

authors： Bondy B

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Impairment of cognitive function is the central feature of dementia. Although, clinically, the cognitive deficit most often manifests itself as memory problems, a number of other areas of cognition are affected, and memory is but one of the cognitive skills compromised in dementia. Dementia with Lewy bodies, for examp...

journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

authors： Wesnes KA,Harrison JE

更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We carried out two studies to test the hypothesis that altered central serotonergic function, as assessed by lower prolactin (PRL) response to fenfluramine (D-FEN), is more closely associated with suicidal behavior than a particular psychiatric diagnosis. A D-FEN test was performed in 85 major depressed inpatients, 33...

journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

authors： Corrêa H,Romano-Silva MA,Duval F,Campi-Azevedo AC,Lima V,Macher JP

更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Anxiety comprises many clinical descriptions and phenotypes. A genetic predisposition to anxiety is undoubted; however, the nature and extent of that contribution is still unclear. Methods for the genetic analysis of such complex disorders is briefly reviewed, followed by a discussion of the comorbidity of anxiety wit...

journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

authors： Morris-Rosendahl DJ

更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Development of the characteristics of social phobia often requires a diathesis in the form of a temperamental bias. A behavioral profile marked by vigorous motor activity and crying to unfamiliar stimuli at 4 months of age - called high reactivity- is characteristic of about 20% of healthy, Caucasian infants. This pat...

journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

authors： Kagan J

更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An evidence-based review of nonpharmacological treatments for anxiety disorders is presented. The vast majority of the controlled research is devoted to cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and shows its efficiency and effectiveness in all the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) ...

journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

authors： Cottraux J

更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has become increasingly clear that males and females differ even more dramatically than we previously thought. Not only do they exhibit differing responses to stress and environmental experience, but they can also respond in opposite directions. In rats, it has been shown that exposure to an acute stressful event c...

journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

authors： Shors TJ

更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We now appreciate that estrogen is a pleiotropic gonadal steroid that exerts profound effects on the plasticity and cell survival of the adult brain. Over the past century, the life span of women has increased, but the age of the menopause remains constant. This means that women may now live over one third of their li...

journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

authors： Dubal DB,Wise PM

更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is mounting evidence that recurrent mood disorders - once considered "good prognosis diseases"- are, in fact, often very severe and life-threatening illnesses. Furthermore, although mood disorders have traditionally been conceptualized as neurochemical disorders, there is now evidence from a variety of sources d...

journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

authors： Quiroz JA,Manji HK

更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study was conducted in order to investigate the relationships between central noradrenergic (NA) and serotonergic (5-HT) function and clinical characteristics of a major depressive episode according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. We measured growth hormone res...

journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

authors： Duval F,Mokrani MC,Bailey P,Corrêa H,Crocq MA,Son Diep T,Macher JP

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The first generation of antipsychotic drugs was discovered in the 1960s and 1970s, These agents were effective in treating psychosis, but were accompanied by significant side effects, including severe parkinsonism and akathisia. Second-generation antipsychotics were introduced in the 1990s, These drugs have at least e...

journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

authors： Tamminga CA

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Wider use of pharmacological models would facilitate the development of new drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD), The two main models currently used are based on the cholinergic and glutamatergic hypotheses of AD, Although they lead to some of the attention and memory impairment observed in AD, they do not fully reprodu...

journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

authors： Gilles C,Ertlé S

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite the fact that 50 years have passed since the Nazi regime and the Holocaust the psychic sequelae are far from being overcome. The majority of Holocaust survivors and World War II veterans still list their experiences as the "most significant stressors" of their lives. The literature provides ample evidence that...

journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

authors： Barak Y,Szor H

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The current clinical use of psychotropic drugs is transnosologically oriented. This is facilitated by the current classification of mental disorders (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision [ICD-10]) and is perhaps justified if depression and psychosis (taken here as examples) are considered as being c...

journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

authors： Ackenheil M,Montane Jaime LK

更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00